| . | Current directory. |
| .. | Parent directory. Used with cd or other commands that need path |
| ` | 'tic'. used to execute in real-time, ie: cd `cat /.uvhome` = cd /u1/uv if a cat of /.uvhome = '/u1/uv' |
| < | Redirection. Most commonly used to get information from a port, ie: stty -a < /dev/tty0 for console. Also used to rewind tape devices, ie: echo < /dev/rmt0 |
| | | Pipe character. Used to pass first output through subsequent, ie: ps -ef | grep phantom |
| * | Redirection. Appended to previous command creates a file with output as contents, ie: cut ... > /home/passwd.names |
| cd /u1 | Change directory to /u1, cd /*/dbms changes to first occurrance of dbms, cd /*/*/sample, etc. |
| compress | Useful to make ftp file transfers quicker. Compatible across platforms. |
| cut -c | 'cut' columns from a display, ie: ps -ef|cut -c4-11,12-17,48-999 will display user, pid and processes. |
| cut -f | 'cut' files, ie: cut -d: -f1,5 /etc/passwd to display lognames and realnames (if entered) note: -c or -f must be used with cut. If -f is used, -d also must be used. |
| df | Display filesystems (-k=% on System_V, -i=% on Berkeley, bdf=% on HP/UX) |
| du | Disk usage. -k for 1024-byte size, -m for MB (Linux). |
| egrep | Find text from list of files, ie: egrep -nv "#" `cat /.uvhome`/uvconfig displays params without comments (n=number lines, v "#"=don't display lines containing..) grep also works this way |
| file | Determines filetype, ie: file /usr/bin/cp = executable of some type, file /usr = directory |
| find | Use for recurring command needs, ie: find . -name VOC -print finds all occurrances of VOC files starting in . To find large files: find . -size +2000 -exec ls -l {} \; |pg where 2000=files >= 2MB |
| fsck | File System ChecK repairs unmounted filesystems in unix, ie: fsck /dev/rdsk/c0d0s3 where c0d0s3 is hardware specific. Check man fsck for your hardware. |
| ftp | Internet or network File Transfer Protocol. Most reliable and fastest available, ie: ftp hostname/IP, or ftp<ENTER> to enter options at command line. Type help or ? for help. |
| fuser -u | File User, ie: fuser -u /dev/rmt0 to see what login id owns the lock on the tape file. Useful to see who owns a tape drive where LIST-READU isn't forthcoming. |
| grep | Find text from output. See example for egrep |
| ls | List System (dir on DOS), -la=long and all, -R=recursively |
| mkdir klp | Make a new directory called klp at current location |
| ps -ef | Process Status (e=everyone, f=full, -aux on DEC, ax on Linux) |
| rm | ReMove file(s), -r=recursively(WARNING), ie: rm -r /u2 will remove everything in and under /u2 including /u2 itself. |
| rmdir | ReMove DIRectory klp (must be empty) |
| sar -u | Usage of system resources (u=cpu, d=disk, b=blockdevices, y=seconds) |
| split -n | Split files into smaller pieces. Useful on large select lists, ie: split -500 LIST NEWNAME would create files from LIST called NEWNAMEaa, NEWNAMEab, etc. until LIST is divided into 500 line files. |
| swap -ls | Swap memory (l=physical location, s=virtual display; mutually exclusive) |
| telnet/rlogin | Access another host through the Internet or network, ie: telnet hostname or rlogin hostname. Login name and password required |
| tic | Terminfo Compile. Must have terminfo.src in the current directory, ie: tic -v terminfo.src |
| touch | Create an empty file, ie: touch klp will create ./klp with 0 bytes in it. |
| uname -a | System name and os release level |
| users | Also a uniVerse command. In unix, reports names of users logged in. In uniVerse, reports number of users. |
| uv | uniVerse shell. In non-UV directory, installs VOC, etc. |
| vi | VIsual editor, pronounced Vee Eye. There are many help documents available with editing command lists |
| who | Lists users. -u=useful information, ie: pid, -r=reboot date and time |
| whois | Query the internet, ie: whois -h rs.internic.net QUERY.STRING Where QUERY.STRING=text to search for, ie: COLUBS or DISNEY, etc. |
| tar | Tape ARchive, though it can be used for other purposes. Standard: tar cvf ../filename . to create a file archive of the current directory, or tar czvf ../filename . to create a compressed (gunzip) tarball. You can use tar to copy an entire filesystem by using: cd sourcedir ; tar cvf - . | ( cd destdir ; tar xvf - ) To copy from a remote system, rsh is used: cd destdir ; rsh remotesystem "cd sourcedir ; tar cvf - . " | tar xvf - NOTE: the -v switch is for verbose mode. Remove it from one tar command so you don't see filenames twice each. The systems must be trusted peers for this to work. This could be a security risk. It's also possible to use tar to write to a tape device on a remote system (peer relationship required): cd sourcedir ; tar cvf - . | rsh remotesystem dd of=/dev/rmt0 obs=20 The ouput blocksize of 20 is the default for tar on Linux. Here's an example of the same principle using dd (on the source machine): dd if=/dev/cdrom | rsh DestBox dd of=/destpath/filename.iso which creates an iso image file. In this example, the cdrom wasn't mounted and doesn't need to be. |
|
uniVerse Commands issued in unix NOTE: Learn the ramifications of these and all commands before randomly applying your new-found knowledge to a live system. | |
| uv | For admin commands, too. uv -admin -stop to shut uniVerse down. uv -admin -start to start uniVerse. |
| portuv | Used when the uv account must be moved to a different filesystem. |
| uvregen | First command to reboot uniVerse if uv -admin -stop and uv -admin -start are not used. Re-creates the .uvconfig file. With switches can be used to reconfigure uniVerse: uvregen "AUTHCODE" -s serial# -d 01/01/2500 -l #users which will work on NT but uvregen.exe must be used. |
| DBsetup | Second command to reboot uniVerse. NOTE: this command unlocks all filelocks so should be used with care. |
| updaccount | Updates the VOC file to the current release of uniVerse. At TCL use UPDATE-ACCOUNT. NOTE: TCL is pronounced Tee-See-Ell, not tickle, unless sounding silly, uninformed or uneducated has never bothered you much... |
| analyze.shm | Returns all information necessary to analyze the uniVerse environment. Best if piped to a file then printed for study. I.e.: analyze.shm > ./uvshm.out |
| fnuxi | Reverts or updates hashed uniVerse files to current or previous release of uniVerse. List of switches: -mnosuvx6 *=all files in directory. Can be used with find command, too. |
| get_shm_size | Returns one number indicating the amount of shell memory. |
| init.catalog | Re-initializes the uniVerse cataloged program space. Comes with its own warning. |
| users | List number of users on the system. Can be run from TCL (see note for UPDATE-ACCOUNT for correct pronunciation of TCL). |
| uvtidc | uniVerse terminfo de-compiler. Use before attempting to fix terminal attributes, ie: uvtidc wy50-vp > ./wy50-vp. Must be in ~/uv/sample directory. |
| uvtic | Same as unix tic command. Usually performed in ~/uv/sample directory. |